Why Collaboration Matters: The Platform for Social Innovation

I recently attended an extremely worthwhile conference, Accelerate: Collaborating for Sustainability, organized by the Canadian branch of The Natural Step.  The conference proposed new ways for dramatically shifting gears in how we reach sustainability by reaching for levers that will drive systems change.

My role was to moderate a panel entitled “Why Collaboration Matters: Exploring Collective Impact and Shared Value.” The two presenters were Avrim Lazar, a tri-sector athlete who is the former CEO of the Forest Products Association of Canada and a prime mover of the historic Canadian Forest Boreal Agreement, and David Hughes, CEO of Pathways to Education and a visionary in gold standard scaling out and scaling up. The following are my introductory remarks at the Accelerate conference:

Several months ago, evaluation expert Michael Quinn Patton observed that collaboration is like teenage sex:

  • Everyone is talking about it,
  • Everyone thinks everybody is doing it, and
  • In reality, nobody is doing it very well.

If the bad news is nobody is doing it very well, the good news is that collaboration is a topic whose time seems to have arrived. Last week my inbox was stuffed with collaboration articles boasting headlines like:

3004139-poster-942-thomas-edisons-keys-managing-team-collaboration

c/o Fast Company

Why is collaboration important?

I come from the field of social innovation: using a simple definition, social innovations are new ideas meeting unmet needs. They are social in their means and social in their ends. SiG uses a more complete definition of social innovation courtesy of our colleague, Frances Westley:

Social innovation is an initiative, product, process or program that profoundly changes the basic routines, resource and authority flows or beliefs of any social system. Successful social innovations have durability and broad impact.

Given how so many major social and environmental indicators are not performing well; think of biodiversity, climate change or aboriginal educational achievement or social inclusion, there is a growing market for social innovations. Recent research on successful social innovations is teaching us that collaboration is an essential element of effective innovation. As my SiG colleagues Michele-Lee Moore and Frances Westley explain in a recent article for Ecology and Society, there is a direct correlation between social innovations expanding their boundary spanning reach and those innovations’ heightened impact:

 “Complex challenges demand complex solutions. By their very nature, these problems are difficult to define and are often the result of rigid social structures that effectively act as ‘traps’… Therefore when a social innovation crosses scales, the innovation is crossing a boundary that separates organizations, groups, hierarchical levels or social sub-systems, whether they are economic, cultural, legal, political, or otherwise. The more boundaries that the innovation crosses, the wider and possibly deeper the impact, and the more likely the result is more transformative change.

Boundary spanning action is often made possible by boundary spanning collaborations, partnerships, and culture. Unfortunately, the antiquated systems we operate in often impede collaboration. British innovation writer Charles Leadbeater wrote a recent paper entitled “It’s Cooperation, Stupid”:

Humans are more cooperative than other species because we are capable of more fine-grained forms of cooperation: we are prepared to cooperate with strangers, over large distances and times, overcoming obstacles
of language and culture. This deeply wired capacity for cooperation will be more important than ever to enable us to create shared solutions to complex challenges, from global financial regulation to ageing and climate change. Yet most of our systems, institutions and models of public policy 
lock us in to a miserable, impoverished view of ourselves as untrustworthy and selfish. These approaches actively crowd out cooperation, supplanting cooperative solutions with systems that rely on material incentives. They remake the world in their own image.

8757144348_bf67f84c2f

c/o Centre for Social Innovation, New York Launch Party

My SiG colleague Tim Brodhead frequently speaks about there being four drivers for collaboration:

1      Austerity – The efficiency argument
* We are heading into an increasingly tight fiscal environment, we need to be much better stewards of limited resources

2      Impact – The effectiveness argument
* The “collective impact” approach fits here, individual organizations can only have limited impact on a tough problem

3      Complexity – The social change argument
* Solutions to complex and persistent problems necessarily need to draw upon a broad range of expertise and stakeholders

4      Culture – The enabling environment argument
* To succeed, meaningful social change has to rely on allies to overcome a broader context of barriers that foil scaling potentially disruptive innovation.

To those I’d add a fifth,
5      Systems – The systemic change argument
* Individual and heroic social innovations are wonderful, but their widespread and lasting impact – even if they are individually scaled up –requires them to shift the entire system around their issue, tilting the way innumerable organizations, processes and sub-systems operate.

These drivers are five lenses that we can use to view the challenges of introducing innovation with collaborative platforms. In upcoming posts I’ll review learning opportunities available to foster collaborative partnerships, as well as examine success stories to uncover their rich innovation DNA.

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Innovations in Elder Care

Last week upon my return from holidays, I did a pechakucha (a presentation format where 20 slides are shown for 20 seconds each; total of 6 minutes 40 seconds) about innovations in elder care. The slides are viewable below with the accompanying explanation. (Note: a version of this post also appears on Think Thrice)

In 20 years, Canadians aged 65 years and older will account for roughly one quarter of our population. But our elder care system is already strained and looking more and more like an assembly line, with our loved ones being commodified.

These issues are close to my heart because for the last six years of my father’s life, we navigated the healthcare and elder care system together. We experienced a system that is more about keeping people alive than about quality of that life. Particularly in nursing homes, I witnessed very upsetting losses of dignity. I have since learned of exciting and inspiring approaches to elder care from around the world that we need here in Canada. I will share three.

This first model comes from Denmark’s Fredericia Municipality and got started because of a pair of socks. Imagine I’m an elderly woman and I’m having trouble putting on my control socks. Instead of a caretaker coming to my home twice a day to put them on and take them off, under this new model…

… a personal trainer would come to my home and work with me to get stronger on a 6-8 week program so that I can manage my socks myself. There are immediate cost savings (8 wks vs. twice daily forever) and preventative cost savings to the health system since I am healthier in general.

Most importantly, from the citizen perspective, I can walk up the stairs with more ease, play with my grandchildren, and am more comfortable in my own body. I feel empowered by the system, not at the mercy of it.  A big part of the model are sessions like the one pictured here where professionals come together to co-create the senior’s rehabilitation plan with the senior.

They ask a very simple question… “What would you like to be able to do again?”, focusing on bringing back the ability to function in a self reliant way. The public service is treated as an intervention rather than a long term relationship with the citizen.

The model is gaining popularity in other municipalities in Denmark. According to MindLab, it is rumored that two thirds of Danish municipalities are using some form of the Fredericia model. The previous director of care in Fredericia has stated that the model provides an efficiency dividend of around 15% annually. This is all while increasing citizen satisfaction and quality of life!

The next model is from Japan, where the nursing home system had long been two tiered: either low quality of care or extremely costly and thus out of reach for most. Also, nursing homes were less culturally accepted because it was thought to be honorable to take care of ones parents into their old age, despite the strain this may have on career paths and personal lives.

The Shinkoukai model addresses quality of care and affordability in three unique ways: it has a social impact element by employing marginalized citizens (including homeless, disabled and non-Japanese Asians), it ensure high quality care by gaining third party certification (the ISO-9001, a quality rating used by restaurants and hotels), and minimizes costs by purchasing unused buildings (farmhouse, university dorm, office buildings) and converting them into nursing homes.

The founder of the model, Masue Kitayama, has been working on elder care challenges for over 40 years and has become one of Ashoka Japan’s first two fellows. She is credited for catalyzing change to insurance laws, that initially only insured incapacitated seniors, but now also covers seniors who require less care.

Masue’s impact can be seen manifested in the growth in number of care homes across Japan: from 2500 in 1985 to 7300 in 2009. She just opened this intensive care unit, picture here, a couple weeks ago.

This last model is a different approach to rest homes; it is a cohousing model for seniors started by a group of aging feminist activists in the Paris suburb of Montreuil. These women had fought for their rights their whole lives  and were not interested in living by someone else’s rules or schedule as they got older.

The idea is simple: Rather than moving into a seniors home, the women would live together in a large house and take care of one another. No professional staff, like nurses or cooks. They would be free to live as they chose.

This model was created by Therese Clerc, who, in her 60s, began thinking hard about how she wanted to live in her old age. To learn more about her options, she began visiting seniors homes and talking with residents about their experiences.

Appalled by what she learned, she rounded up a group of friends and began lobbying French politicians to fund what became the baba yaga’s house. It took 13 years, but the women eventually convinced funders to construct a six million dollar six-story women’s only seniors home. The women moved in October 2012.

All of this inspired Montrealer Janet Torge to start tinkering with the baba yaga model to see how it could be replicated in Canada. Based on the same co-housing principles of living together without professional staff, Janet’s radical rest home concept is about getting together with a group of friends to find a place to live. Once you’ve moved in, you declare yourselves a radical rest home.

She is envisioning a Radical Resthome Association, which is currently a work in progress, to help with setting things up, figuring out resources and connecting with the broader rest home network. There is another group called Baba Housing in Canada that was inspired by the Montreuil babas, which have ambassadors in many cities across the country.

These models give us a glimpse of what is possible. But, as artist activist Ai Wei Wei put it:

“the world is not changing if you don’t shoulder the burden of responsibility”.

In other words, it’s up to us. What would it take to implement these models in Canada? How can we shift our elder care to models that emphasize thriving not just surviving? How can we design systems that empower seniors to be self-reliant and make their own decisions?

I didn’t have time to mention these other aging and elder care initiatives but they are also great. Here are the links:

  • The Amazings: Classes, courses and wisdom from elders with amazing life experience
  • Fureai Kippu: “Caring Relationship Tickets” are based on the time bank concept; allow people to help seniors in their community and earn credits transferable to other cities
  • Tyze: online tool that helps people care for others
  • Merevale House, UK20: small-scale domestic living where people are seen to be living and working together, sharing their community and daily life
  • Carebanks, Timebanks: helps seniors age-in-community irrespective their economic situation
  • Visiting Nurse Service: high-quality health care in the home and the community
  • Lotte House: nursing home where 23 men and women live like a family
  • Aging Studio, HDL: The Studio set out to articulate a new understanding of the ageing population
  • Age Unlimited, NESTA: program developing and trialling new services for 50-60 year olds to continue contributing to society
  • Weavers, InWithFor: Helping people balance caring with the rest of life
  • AgeLab MIT: innovation lab that designs, develops and deploys innovations focused on aging
  • Southwark Circle, Participle: membership-based service supporting +50 year olds to lead the lives they want to lead.

If you’re inspired and want to do something about this topic, let’s talk! Or, you can reach me via email or twitter. Also, I will be adding to the thinkthrice.ca/eldercare page as I go.

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Empathy, an unanticipated consequence of a year well spent

In 1709, Alexander Pope wrote that a little learning is a dangerous thing. If Pope felt that learning about the world may call us to question how well it is operating, then it may be dangerous indeed. However, as I come to the end of my year in the Graduate Diploma in Social Innovation, I think I can put Pope’s fears to rest.

Throughout the diploma’s course work, participants took a deep dive in systems thinking and resilience theory. To tackle increasingly complex social and environmental challenges, change makers best get started by understanding that our systems – social, political, industrial etc, are interconnected and interdependent.

At its best, systems thinking aims to address the root causes of big problems. For example, while food banks effectively manage hunger issues, there are people who use systems thinking to figure out why hunger is still such a challenge, and how it’s connected to other issues, policies, etc. Through identifying the root causes of hunger, systems thinkers are able to search out and support opportunities to decrease or eradicate hunger. Systems thinkers see the whole picture, understand the relationships in the system and can identify opportunities for highly strategic interventions that might make a difference.

c/o Thoughts on Leadership

As a consequence of applying a systems framework to see the world, I am struck by what I can only describe as a deepening empathy in myself. The Graduate Diploma was intentionally designed to be cross-sectoral with participants joining from the private, public and community sectors. Once engaged in the class modules, we were generously showered with insights, analyses and theories that enabled us to see the world from multiple and diverse perspectives.

It is in researching systems that one is exposed to the various perspectives needed to adequately test and posit a possible solution to a complex problem. In reflecting on the key learnings, I feel that in learning how to see our world’s systems and understanding how we may work together more effectively to produce positive change, I have built a greater reserve of empathy for differing points of view and experience. While empathy was not necessarily the principle outcome or intention of my study, it was certainly a welcome bonus.

During the 2012 Skoll World Forum, Huffington Post President and Chief, Arianna Huffington wrote:

“The role empathy plays in our lives has only grown more important. In fact, in this time of economic hardship, political instability, and rapid technological change, empathy is the one quality we most need if we’re going to survive and flourish in the twenty-first century.”

Assuming we agree about the importance of empathy, how do we cultivate it? Huffington quotes Roots of Empathy Founder, Mary Gordon in her article; an Ashoka Fellow and social innovator whom SiG has spoken to about the unique opportunity presented by increased empathy. The problem as Gordon sees it is that without empathy, we have insufficient traction for conflict resolution. Developing empathy is the key to building understanding and breaking cycles of violence.

Roots of Empathy c/o Naming and Treating

While Roots of Empathy has expanded to include programs for young and mature adults, it is primarily designed to work with young schoolchildren. Ashoka Founder, Bill Drayton similarly sees the merit of developing empathy in children. In an April edition of Forbes online magazine Drayton states:

“If you aren’t given the tools of applied empathy as a young child, we shouldn’t be blaming you—we should be blaming us,” Drayton said. “We have to have a revolution so that all young people grasp empathy and practice it. This is the most fundamental revolution that we have to get through.”

Scaling up programs like Roots of Empathy offers future generations great hope and I believe should be broadly embraced. In the meantime however, it may well be possible to inject complexity and systems thinking into later stages of our educational systems to produce some complementary results. Pursuing this theory may even allay Paul Bloom’s concern that only concentrating on building empathy will not help us create a resilient world for billions of people.

In The New Yorker this month, Bloom writes that our natural tendency is to feel empathetic to situations we can see and relate to; for example the story of a baby that falls down a well. Bloom states: “If a planet of billions is to survive, we’ll need to take into consideration the welfare of people not yet harmed.” I tend to agree that empathy alone isn’t enough; we need to have a framework to understand how we can explore the root causes of problems to propose solutions that help many. Consequently, by applying a social innovation lens with an understanding of systems thinking, we can tackle our complex challenges fuelled by the empathy to see the challenges from multiple points of view.

By enrolling in the diploma program at the University of Waterloo, my purpose was to better understand transformational systems change and to broaden my vocabulary for articulating the benefits of approaching complex problems with a social innovation lens. I did not anticipate that in achieving these goals, I would also tap into greater reserves of empathy.

If this past year’s experience is anything to go by, it could be helpful to build a healthy dose of systems thinking into more curricula and professional development programs, in the spirit of the Graduate Diploma in Social Innovation. For us further down life’s road, it could be a beneficial companion to the empathy programs we are rightly providing for our children.

Further resources:

Roots of Empathy

SiG’s Profile on Roots of Empathy

Start Empathy

The Empathetic Civilization

The Baby in the Well, by Paul Bloom

Empathy is the New Black by Christian Bason; calling for a humanistic think tank for public sector renewal

For more on systems thinking, visit our SiG Knowledge Hub

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How can corporations innovate for positive change?

During my studies at the Richard Ivey School of Business, many of my peers believed business and sustainability were an oxymoron. Numerous students thought investing in sustainable practices meant hurting company profits. Fortunately, professors introduced us to triple bottom line theories, social innovation and sustainability frameworks, which proved that companies can and should integrate environmental and social outcomes into their business strategy. Since that time I have been following the business sustainability world closely. For this post I’d like to offer my perspective on this compelling field including sharing news of an exciting tool called Sustainability-Oriented Innovation.

We are entering a turbulent period of re-thinking how companies can best serve people, planet, as well as profit.  Disruptive events like the 2008 financial crisis have opened new dialogues on the role of corporations in society, such as Bill Gates’ call at Davos for Creative Capitalism. A growing number of organizations, like Volans’ Breakthrough Capitalism, are making the case that “business as usual” is insufficient to meet the environmental and social challenges our 21st century world faces. These thought leaders, like John Elkington, are calling upon firms to change the way we do business. Novel frameworks are sprouting forth, such as Corporate Shared Value and Corporate Social Innovation, that encourage companies to re-examine and re-formulate their business strategy.

In partnership with Ivey’s Network for Business Sustainability, Dr. Richard Adams of the University of Exeter designed a thought-provoking framework, Sustainability-Oriented Innovation (SOI), which illuminates the path towards positive corporate change. Through applying SOI, firms can learn how to more directly contribute to the environments that allow them to be profitable.

What is SOI?

Sustainability-oriented innovation, or SOI is a “deliberate change made to products, processes, services, organizations, or wider systems that delivers environmental, social and economic value.” Simplified, SOI means doing something different to improve the well-being of our environment, communities and finances.

Why does SOI matter?

Similar to Corporate Social Responsibility, the impetus to do SOI is driven by tightening regulations, consumer pressure, and risk to company reputation. No longer can corporations ignore being accountable for damaging aspects of their supply chain, as the recent Bangladesh clothing factory collapse illustrated for Loblaws and its Joe Fresh brand. Greater engagement by consumers and the public, accelerated by the higher octane fuel of social media, are making it increasingly impossible for corporations to overlook the social and environmental imperatives underpinning their business models.

Stages of SOI

Importantly, not only does SOI involve incremental change like CSR, but it also reaches organizational and systemic level transformation.

There are three main stages to SOI, diagrammed below:

Stage 1:  Operational Optimization

The firm takes a structured approach to incrementally improving sustainability, through tools like ISO 14001 (ie: CSR) Think: Reduce Harm

Stage 2:  Organizational Transformation

The firm integrates sustainability into the corporate culture, becoming the status quo. (ie: Supply Chain Management) Think: Create Shared Value

 Stage 3:  Systems Building

The firm’s sustainability strategy is explicitly embedded within the greater system.  (ie: Biomimicry or BackcastingThink: Net Positive Impact

Source: Network for Business Sustainability. 2012. Innovating for sustainability: A guide for executives. London, Canada: Network for Business Sustainability. www.nbs.net/knowledge.

How can SOI assist business?

SOI challenges corporations to drive sustainability more deeply into their strategy. When a firm reviews the above framework, they must consider their purpose for innovating. Are they doing it to reduce costs? Leverage their core competency? Begin collaborative partnerships? Or transform their products into services? Through applying SOI, business leaders can better understand which stage the firm is at (if any), where the firm should be, and how to go about achieving that goal.

The SOI framework is one of an encouraging new set of tools to support next stage corporate sustainability efforts. Although it serves as an excellent starting point, the transition from Organizational Optimization to Systems Building is non-linear and uncertain. Many variables, including a firm’s core competency, committed leadership, competitive environment, suppliers, consumers (think Porter’s 5 Forces), impact the ability for a firm to embed sustainability into its core being.

Want to learn more?

SOI’s third stage “Systems Building” bears notable similarities to Frances Westley’s systems-based work on resilience and social innovation. Westley’s most recent article published in the Stanford Social Innovation Review explains how highly resilient systems support innovation creation.

For more on SOI, visit the Network for Business Sustainability, where you can find the research team’s full report on Innovating for Sustainability. Parallel and complementary cutting-edge research from the Doughty Centre for Corporate Responsibility investigates the role of the Social Intrapreneur as “an extra force for sustainability.” These resources are just a handful of the many that are helping corporations integrate sustainability into their business strategy.

 

About the author: Devon Krainer is a recent graduate from the Richard Ivey School of Business. Currently working at Social Innovation Generation (SiG), Devon loves investigating and disseminating new ways for business to serve society. Start a conversation with Devon

 

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Partnering skills are essential to scaling social finance in Canada

Editor’s note: this blog originally appeared on socialfinance.ca on March 28, 2013. It has been cross-posted with permission.

Moving the field of impact investing forward requires governments, businesses, social entrepreneurs and foundations to work together. This need for collaboration is precisely why social finance has the potential to be so transformative. And yet, this cross-sector work is also what makes the field a tricky one. In many ways, a fragmented and siloed reality persists.

My friends in the world of social finance have told me that specific challenges to collaborations include:

  • Managing the varied expectations that collaborators bring to the table about the work, themselves and other partners
  • Understanding the philosophies, approaches, and languages that are commonly used in one sector but may be unfamiliar in another
  • Ensuring transparency around organizational goals, motivations and values between collaborators

The good news is that these are common challenges faced by all collaborations that span sector boundaries.

The bad news? Unless we develop the capacity to overcome them, these challenges will make our work slow and frustrating, and will ultimately reduce our ability to create real value. So what should we do?

We need to get skilled in the art of brokering partnerships.

What is partnership brokering? Partnership brokering is the “skilled management of the partnering process”. This unique approach to managing multi-sector collaborations was developed by the Partnership Brokers Association in the UK. Their vision has been to create, “a more equitable and sustainable world by building capacity for innovation, efficiency and excellence in cross-sector collaboration”.

Since 2003, they have worked towards achieving this vision through the development and delivery of capacity building training and professional development for people who find themselves in the often undefined and murky role of coordinating and managing collaborations.

These roles have many names. I have recently learned about tri-sector leaders and boundary spanners, and I’ve also heard of weavers and change managers. What they all have in common is a requirement to make sense of the different realities, needs, expectations and motivations of partners in order to develop collaborations that deliver value and impact.

That means “brokers” often need to influence, negotiate, build consensus, and acknowledge and manage conflict while at the same time representing their own organization’s objectives at the partnering table. Adding to this complexity is the fact that brokers are often operating in situations where power dynamics are unclear and/or unbalanced. Sound familiar?

If it does, then you may benefit from learning how to use the partnering process framework and a set of partnering tools to bring greater success to your work. As Greg Butler, Senior Director of Education Partnerships at Microsoft explains in Good for Business? An enquiry into the impact of Microsoft’s investment in partnership brokers training:

“Partnerships come in all shapes and sizes. In the private sector, many so-called ‘development partnerships’ are essentially transactional and tactical involving philanthropy on the one hand or service-type contractual arrangements on the other.

However, we came to realise in Microsoft that a true partnership approach is something very different. A better managed and understood partnering process can lead to genuine win-win collaboration—where the conversation moves from ‘here’s some money, this is what we expect you to deliver’ to ‘this is the problem/challenge, how can we solve it together?’

A few years ago, Microsoft’s desire to move away from a traditional “vendor-client” relationship to that of a “true” partner led them to the Partnership Brokers Association Level 1 course which focuses on developing this initial understanding of the partnering process and works to develop the skills needed to move through this process effectively. A recent examination of the effects of this training on Microsoft’s team of 94 brokers discovered the following benefits:

  1. An increased ability to conduct effective and productive conversations, leading to an increase in efficiencies in the process and increased overall value from the relationship
  2. An increased ability to make faster assessments of a partnership’s viability through effective conversations to understand each potential partners motivations
  3. Brokers were better equipped and more confident to approach others as agents of change, creating linkages, opening doors and suggesting new ways of working
  4. An increased ability and confidence to acknowledge and work with complexity rather than ignoring it

In addition to these benefits, many on Microsoft’s team were able to describe how changing their approach to developing partnerships (as a result of what they had learned in the training) had increased the success of the collaborations they worked on and led to a greater number of beneficiaries.

partnershipbrokers

If this type of training piques your interest, learn more about being a broker and the Level 1 training on the Partnership Brokers Association website.

The next training is coming up in Toronto on April 8th, courtesy Social Innovation Generation, and there are only a few spots remaining,  so sign up!

I took my Level 1 training last year in Wales and am now undertaking my Level 2 accreditation. If you’d like to ask about my experiences as a broker or my thoughts on the Level 1 training, you can reach me at ahamilton[at]marsdd[dot]com

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Social Innovation Labs: Designing whole system change

Note: This blog originally appeared on the MaRS site on February 27, 2013

A colourful mix of designers, policy-makers, consultants, non-profit professionals, lab practitioners and the lab curious crowded into the MaRS auditorium last Thursday night to hear Frances Westley’s latest insights on the emerging field of labs and the potential of labs to generate and scale social innovation.

With decades of experience researching and writing about complexity and systems science (including co-authoring the bestselling book Getting to Maybe: How the World is Changed) it is no wonder that Frances sold out the auditorium (which has a capacity of nearly 400 people), with 100 people wait-listed two weeks prior to the highly anticipated event.

Here is why we need social innovation labs and why this process is exciting.

The magnitude of change is daunting

The need has never been greater for systemic change. In Canada, much like in the rest of the world, we are facing increasingly complex social and environmental issues, such as the widening of income inequalities, the need to develop policy for aboriginal education that respects native culture and language, and the implementation of clean energy initiatives.

What’s more, we are experiencing pressure from new drivers and externalities (such as climate change, aging populations and government austerity measures, not to mention citizens’ frustration over some public service systems that have remained more or less unchanged since the Industrial Revolution) that put additional strain on our systems. Traditional approaches to building solutions are having difficulty coping with this kind of complexity.

The love child: The best of both lab worlds

Frances offers Social Innovation Labs (#SocInnLabs)—the love child of Change Labs and Design Labs—as a process for tackling these types of complex challenges. What is particularly exciting about her approach is that it blends the best from these two robust processes and adds another dimension based on complexity and systems theory. For example, deep collaboration among diverse groups of people using a highly designed process (a strength of the Change Lab approach) and extensive ethnographic and desk research (a strength of the Design Lab approach) will both be key elements of the Social Innovation Lab process.

Through collaboration with Christian Bason (MindLab), Bryan Boyer (Helsinki Design Lab), Banny Banerjee (d.school: Institute of Design at Stanford) and Luigi Ferrara (Institute without Boundaries), Frances has teased out two key elements from her research to add around prototyping and scaling:

  • Prototyping for complexity: It is not possible to “hold the whole system in one’s mind,” explains Frances. Social Innovation Labs offer computer visualizations and simulations to address the difficulty of applying rapid prototyping techniques to complex systems, such as social and political dynamics and the variables and relationships within these elements.
  • Looking across scales: Where are the key constraints that stop change from happening? Frances advocates moving up through scale to find the leverage points that have an impact on changing the rules and relationships that govern the system in the first place. For example, with regards to youth offenders, she says, innovation in government ministries may make more of an impact than a program or initiative on the ground.

Frances’ work on Social Innovation Labs is in full swing, with a test model and an open source process guide to be available in the summer 2013.

If you’re hungry for more news on this topic, the University of Waterloo has a webpage dedicated to Social Innovation Labs, the SiG website has links to lab-related resources and the SiG Knowledge Hub has a lab section (including an introductiondip and dive) that offers a smooth transition into these emerging processes.

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The Art of Collaboration

We remove our wet boots at the entrance to L’Espace La Fontaine on a typical snowy February morning in Montreal. Located in the middle of a park with a skate rental shop downstairs and a frozen lake nearby, the upstairs of the building had been transformed to host about 115 men and women participating in The Art of Hosting – a three-day workshop exploring how to create spaces for meaningful conversations. In the wake of 2012 Quebec university student protests, the participants were eager to tackle social problems with fresh ideas.

phonekerchief

phonekerchief

Here are two highlights from the three-day workshop: connecting and harvesting

1.  Arriving, Connecting and Being Present

Overheard at a meeting near you: “The sooner we get down to business, the sooner we can get back to work”. Our fast-paced lives push us to jump straight into serious discussion at meetings, cutting the fat (small talk) to get to the meat (business). But how do rushed interactions affect the quality of collaborations and relationships? Ignoring the crucial step of settling in and establishing connection among fellow meeting participants can result in lost attention (manifested in the form of checking emails and tapping away on smartphones while others talk) and, over the longer-term, prevents deeper relationships and trust to form. In other words, not making time to connect makes effective collaboration very difficult and negates the whole point of coming together in the first place. Particularly in lab settings, where compressed timeframes are the norm and deep collaboration is necessary, building in time to connect is crucial.

I experienced both sides of the coin during one of the exercises at the training. All of the training participants separated into groups of three to work on a respective group member’s, real-life work challenge. Due to some confusion, though, my group of three arrived a half hour late to our designated table. We felt the time crunch (!) and began haphazardly proceeding through the exercise barely having taken off our jackets. That’s when we decided to stop and take a moment to properly ‘arrive’.  We each shared past experiences relevant to the project, enabling us to build a shared understanding of our individual lenses and connect with one another. By the end of the exercise, we were laughing with one another and had come up with actionable items to help our group member, Marco, move forward with his project. Taking a moment to settle in and connect made the remaining half hour productive and fun, reminding me that it doesn’t have to be one or the other.

Resources

Mackin Ink

Mackin Ink

2. Visual Learning and Harvesting

Incorporating illustrations and stories that anchor in emotions can make even dull meeting summaries and report-backs come to life. This is the premise behind the art of harvesting, a parallel practice to the art of hosting. What’s important about harvesting is: actively listening to the whole room, capturing the magic from conversation (quotes, stories, compelling points), synthesizing theses bits to pull out underlying messages and themes, and creating a meaningful record of the conversation that inspires action. Before attending the training, I understood harvesting to be synonymous with graphic recording (i.e. “capturing people’s ideas and expressions—in words, images and color—as they are being spoken in the moment” World Café definition). With so many creative people at the training, my eyes were opened to many forms I had never considered including: poetry and spoken word, photography, singing, ukulele playing, and improvised dance. It was unexpected and refreshing to experience a report back in such creative ways.

Some harvesting resources:

The Art of Hosting website has information about the underlying philosophies and upcoming trainings (another Montreal training will take place in Oct 2013 and some friends and I are working to bring a training to Toronto for around the same time). There are books (World CafeOpen SpaceCircle) and videos (Proaction CafeStorytelling Harvest) and PDFs (Strategic HarvestAsking Good QuestionsHosting in a Hurry) that are very useful in unpacking the methodologies and the philosophies.

Memorable lines from the training

  • “what is set in stone and what is set in clay?” Tuesday Ryan-Hart referring to constraint and possibility
  • “we grow in the direction of the questions we ask” – David Cooperrider (Appreciative Inquiry Guru)
  • Organizational principals not as rules but rather as conversations we’d like to have (“how are we doing with transparency”)
  • “A person who cannot ask for help cannot be trusted”
  • “Let’s renew our vows with community”
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Lessons from module 2: We have the means to produce the outcomes we seek

My journey in the Graduate Diploma in Social Innovation continued last month, this time in Guelph, Ontario. Once again 30 participants were absorbed in complexity and design thinking, with the added bonus of some terrific presentations on the nature and history of consumerism and lessons in anticipating and planning for system change.

c/o Edgewater Bricolage

There’s an enormous store of takeaways I could write about, but conscious of your time, I’ll focus on three:

  • Bricolage – a French word meaning, the creation of something new from a diverse range of things that happen to be available
  • The question of translation
  • Big picture thinking

Bricolage

Perhaps this concept stood out most for me as I hear my SiG colleagues often talking about, not the invention of something totally new that will transform the systems we live in, but a new configuration of existing resources that will enable us to live more resilient, sustainable lives. Understanding this means we are likely sitting on the very means to procure the outcomes we seek.

This is an important takeaway for our SiG work in Social Innovation Labs too. Through the application of design thinking methodologies in a lab-like environment where various wicked questions can be explored, prototypes developed, testing done, simulation techniques applied to see possible futures, the hope is we will be able to reconfigure current resources in such a way to produce positive outcomes.

There are two caveats to this; designing possibilities is one way to coordinate things but won’t create change on its own. We will need both the ability to recognize and seize opportunity when it presents itself; then we must tackle the tricky business of translation.

The question of translation

Here’s where things start to sound a bit technical, and I have to admit to a certain degree of frustration in reading about it prior to the module starting. However, in the way they do best, program directors Frances Westley and Brenda Zimmerman were able to make it comprehensible.

I found the best way to understand translation in this context was to think about it by way of example. Adrian Smith, who has written about translation used organic food as a case study. The organic food movement began as a niche movement – a reaction to multiple concerns people had with the mainstream food system. As the organic movement grew stronger, its influence was felt by the mainstream with some members of the movement talking with mainstream players about getting organic food into supermarkets, into regular distribution channels and so on. In the uptake of organic food at supermarkets, the ethos of the organic movement was translated to make it accessible to regular businesses and consumers. For some in the original niche movement, they felt that uptake by the mainstream was antithetical to their passion, and they reacted by setting up new distribution systems – organizing organic food box programs and the like.

Translation across different levels of a system takes place as people work to find a foothold and grow their innovation. Anticipating the translation, an innovator can be better prepared for some of the questions that will likely arise. For example, in the organic food case:

  • Did the organic movement lose purity in the translation of their movement into supermarkets?
  • Did the mainstream distributors actually change their thinking at all about how food should be produced?
  • Would the likes of food box programs have evolved if the uptake of organic food in supermarkets didn’t take place?
  • Is the uptake by mainstream distributors a win in general for the organic movement, despite the loss of purity?
  • Have more people’s attitudes towards food production and organic food options changed because of the uptake by mainstream distributors?

How to answer these questions requires more space than I have room (or adequate knowledge), but all this to say, translation between niche movements, mainstream (aka regime) level organizations, and the values people hold, is a rich area for study and definitely something to think about as innovations are developed.

Big picture

One of the presentations still resonating with me as I reflect on Module 2 was by Stephen Quilley on the Paradoxes of Culture.  What I found very interesting in this presentation was his articulation of the possible negative impacts of a well-intentioned intervention in a system. He also covered the history of consumer society and how incredibly resilient it is. It’s a formidable opponent no doubt. As we further explore the details and obvious merits of innovative methodologies like Collaborative Consumption, questions I am thinking about still include:

  • If we adopted Collaborative Consumption methods wholesale, what parts of the economic and welfare systems would be affected?
  • What new “versions” of the economic and welfare systems could be developed to enable broad uptake of zero waste societies?

Quilley’s presentation was well balanced by Mark Weber’s presentation on the lessons for a social innovator trying to change behaviour. One great lesson that helps round out this blog is that if you’re thinking about changing attitudes, it may well be best to concentrate on changing the conditions around people that influence their behavior – not give people a whole bunch of information and expect things to change.

Technically I’m nearly halfway through the diploma program and continue to have more questions than answers, but I love the questions and the thinking of possible answers regardless. In blog 3 on the program I expect to write more deeply on the development of our team project, which will hopefully be taking shape.  It will put to the test many of the lessons from the first two modules. I’ll make sure to keep you posted.

Note: this is the second in a series of posts about my participation in the Graduate Diploma in Social Innovation. Read the first post here.

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The Real Solutions Series

SiG is proud to announce its new partnership with premium specialty channel eqhd to present an inspirational new program called The Real Solutions Series, premiering Tuesday, December 18 at 8pm ET/5pm PT, during eqhd’s National Free Preview.

Geoff Mulgan speaks at MaRS, April 2012

Led by some the world’s leading social innovation thinkers and entrepreneurs, including author Adam Kahane and Chief Executive of NESTA, Geoff Mulgan, the The Real Solutions Series presents new ideas and real possibilities for solving some of Canada’s most pressing social problems from public service innovation to designing for change. You may have had a chance to see these events in person in Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal or Vancouver. Now they are available as highlights with our new partner!

SiG is committed to providing Canadians with the resources and ideas they can use to accelerate positive social change across the country. eqhd is committed to informing Canadians with thought-provoking programming. This makes eqhd the perfect partner for this work.

While many complex day to day problems don’t seem to have any solutions, Blue Ant Media’s Presentation Director, Lori DeGraw says eqhd is proud to work with SiG to present discussions and possible solutions to Canada’s most complex social issues.

The Real Solutions Series’ events and online discussions join the eqhd lineup of unflinching documentaries and critically acclaimed series, Tuesday, December 18 at 8pm ET/5pm PT.

If you’re not a subscriber to eqhd yet, you can take advantage of their Free Preview during December and January 2013. Visit their site to find out where eqhd broadcasts in your city.

 

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Helsinki Design Lab: dealing in dark matter

It may seem odd to start a blog post with talk of toasters, but in a conversation with Bryan Boyer this month, that is where the discussion took us. Bryan is the strategic design lead for Helsinki Design Lab, a division of Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra, and he reminded those assembled at the MaRS Global Leadership event on November 13 that once humans developed the capacity to generate electricity, all sorts of inventions became possible.
(more…)

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